Although, some of the identified proteins exhibited similar trends of differential expressions in malaria and febrile controls, interestingly, expression levels of quite a few candidates including serum amyloid A, haptoglobin precursor, ficolin 3 precursor, hemopexin precursor, interleukin-17E precursor, retinol-binding protein, serotransferrin precursor, and vitronectin precursor were found to be altered in malaria patients (both FM and VM) but not in leptospiral infection (Table S4). This evidence concerns the gene VTN and malaria.