TGFB1 and thyroid gland carcinoma: BRAF mutation is associated with progression of PTC to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas due to increased sensitivity to TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [20], and with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression and associated higher risk of metastasis, recurrence and shorter disease free survival [21], [22].