The expression levels of mRNAs for CC chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β, and CXC chemokines, such as IL-8, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α, GRO-β, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating protein (ENA)-78, and interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, were increased in fetal membranes ruptured prematurely in patients with chorioamnionitis as compared to those without chorioamnionitis. The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is chorioamnionitis.