TNF and infection: Physiological agents (IL-10 and activin A) and pharmacological agents, such as antioxidants (N-acetyl-L-cysteine and α-lipoic acid), PPAR-γ ligand (15d-PGJ2 and troglitazone), p38 MAP kinase inhibitors (SKF86002, SB203580, and SB202190), NF-κB inhibitors (SC-514, BMS 345541, evodiamine, wedelolactone, butein, CAPE, parthenolide, and TPCA-1), and PDE4 inhibitor (rolipram), may be potential therapeutic drugs to prevent PROM associated with infections because they inhibit the production of the MDI factor (IL-6 and TNF-α) by human fetal membranes.