Two types of protein deposit characterize AD: (1) amyloid plaques, comprising mainly 40- to 42-residue peptides named β-amyloid peptides (Aβs), are deposited extracellularly in the brain parenchyma and around the cerebral vessel wall [90]; (2) neurofribillary tangles containing paired helical filaments, composed mainly of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, accumulate in the cytoplasm of degenerating neurons [91]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.