NFKB1 and Cognitive impairment: In conclusion, our results clearly demonstrated that: (1) a single injection of Aβ1-40 into the hippocampus produced cognitive impairment in rats, apoptosis, and the glial response, with concomitant production of IL-1β and TNF-α, and these effects occurred via activation of p38 MAPK, p65 NF-κB, and phospho-JNK in rat’s hippocampus; and (2) pretreatment with NaHS significantly attenuated Aβ1-40-induced cognitive deficits, apoptosis, and the glial response, with concomitant inhibitions of IL-1β and TNF-α production, as well as repressed Aβ1-40-induced activation of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB.