Obviously, mutations or activating posttranslational modifications of the upstream activators of mTORC1 (Akt, PI3K, Rheb, and loss of PTEN function) amplify oncogenic mTORC1 signaling in PCa cells (Figure3), which drives the  ́cancerous ́ translation machinery steering cancer initiation, cancer invasion and metastasis[91]. The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.