Circulating pulsatile rises of leucine and insulin concentrations together with permanently elevated serum concentrations of IGF-1 may be responsible for cow milk ́s optimized mode of hyperactivated mTORC1 signaling, which promotes growth stimulation of prostate epithelial cells and further amplifies already upregulated oncogenic mTORC1 signaling of PCa cells with preexisting alterations of cell growth-promoting signaling pathways (Table1; Figure4B). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.