This conclusion is also supported by the observation that shigellosis-induced apoptosis of gut lamina propria CD3+ T-cells, CD15+ granulocytes and CD56+ macrophages (Lembo-Fazio et al, 2011; Raqib et al, 2002; Zychlinsky et al, 1996) was prevented by PETIM-DG as measured by caspase-3 mRNA expression (Fig 7D). This evidence concerns the gene NCAM1 and shigellosis.