Given the remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of bilirubin, and the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CIN and atherosclerosis, it would be interesting to initiate some clinical intervention that could raise serum bilirubin levels, perhaps by inducing HO [32], as a potential strategy to prevent CIN and future cardiovascular events in CAD patients undergoing coronary intervention. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.