ACE and chronic kidney disease: In order to investigate the independent predictors of future MACE, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed with factors including age, medical history (hypertension, diabetes, CKD, and smoking), AMI, cardiogenic shock, extent of CAD, LVEF, CIN, serum bilirubin concentrations, and medications (β-blockers, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors).