CD4 and malaria: After adjusting for birth spacing (<2 years) and baseline CD4 count, risk factors for neonatal stunting included male infant sex (aOR 6.02, 95% CI 1.64–22.06, p = 0.007), gestational age at delivery (aOR 0.51, 95%CI 0.37–0.71, p<0.001) and clinical malaria diagnosed during pregnancy (aOR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03–0.97, p = 0.047, cf. Table S4).