STAT3 and neoplasm: Neuhaus and colleagues [22] had also shown that IL-6 and IL-6 receptor expression was found in urothelium, lamina propria and detrusor cells isolated from bladder biopsies of tumor patients; these researchers further found that LPS stimulation evoked a time-dependent synthesis and/or release of IL-6, IL-6 receptor, and transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in cultured human detrusor smooth muscle cells.