HIF-1α stabilisation by Th1 cytokines has been demonstrated to be partially mediated by the NFκB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in human articular chondrocytes [19], and by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and MEK1/2 inhibitor activation in RA FLS [16,20]. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.