The original application of cystatin C as a measure of the glomerular filtration rate (Grubb et al., 1985) and a marker of kidneys function (Grubb, 1992; Page et al., 2000; Curhan, 2005) has expanded and now hCC is investigated also as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular events (Zethelius et al., 2008; Taglieri et al., 2009; Shin et al., 2012), as well as several forms of cancer (Turk et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene HYCC1 and cancer.