In the case of FoxO1, T2D-OA mice demonstrated substantially increased p-/t-FoxO1 (200% increase) (p<0.01) and a 50% reduction in total FoxO1 protein compared to both T2D-Veh and CH mice (p<0.05) (Fig. 8, A,E–G). This evidence concerns the gene FOXO1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.