A statistically significant association was found between a LTBI diagnosis by either TST or QFG or T.SPOT.TB and a higher median current CD4 (580 [range, 10-1730] versus 450 [range, 10-1760] (p = 0.02), a CD4 cell count greater than 500 cell/μl (67.9% versus 45.1%) (p = 0.002), longer time from the first HIV-positive test (12 [range, 0.1-27] versus 9.5 [range, 0.1-23] years) (p = 0.04), history of contact with patients with TB (42.9% versus 28.2%) (p = 0.04), history of injection drug use (58.8% versus 42.7%) (p = 0.04) and prior prison stay (37.1% versus 17.9%) (p = 0.002). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.