TGFB1 and neoplasm: By using halofuginone, an inhibitor of Smad3 phosphorylation downstream of the TGFβ signaling pathway, [33], [34] and known to inhibit HSC and PSC activation[35]–[37] and of the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in the tumor microenvironment, [38], [39] we were able to identify reduction of myofibroblasts, especially in combination with chemotherapy, as a target treatment for reducing tumor growth.