The combination of CQ and CCI-779 was equally cytotoxic to VHL-mutant RCC cell lines (RCC4, A498) and to these cell lines that had VHL reexpressed, suggesting that sensitivity was HIF-independent (Figure S1B, and Movies S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, and S16). Here, VHL is linked to renal cell carcinoma.