To date, some studies have reported that polymorphisms in ERCC5 are associated with risk of cancers of the breast [16]–[18], lung [19]–[21], skin [22]–[24] and bladder [25], [26], but there is only one published study of a nonsynonymous SNP (rs17655) and esophagus cancer in Caucasians with a small sample size [27]. This evidence concerns the gene ERCC5 and cancer.