Moreover, the up-regulation of genes involved in inhibition of apoptosis (e.g. MCL1) may promote the survival of leukemia cells with accumulated DNA damage and their expansion as suggested by an up-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression (AHR, AHR, TUBB2A, RAPGEF3, SERTAD1, FLT1). This evidence concerns the gene RAPGEF3 and leukemia.