We questioned: 1) whether tumors from non-ATA carriers have higher IL-10 mRNA expression levels than tumors from ATA carriers, 2) whether patients with a non-ATA haplotype or higher IL-10 mRNA levels in lung tumors have greater tumor immune surveillance, and 3) whether IL-10 haplotype or mRNA expression could be used to predict overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) in resected NSCLC patients. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.