Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma total CatS, pro–CatS, and active CatS levels are independent risk factors for aneurysmal disease, and associated significantly and positively with AAA with OR of 1.33 (95% C.I.: 1.24–1.43, P<0.001); 1.25 (95% C.I.: 1.10–1.41, P<0.001); and 1.21 (95% C.I.: 1.14–1.30, P<0.001), respectively (only total CatS is shown in Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene PIMREG and Vascular dilatation.