While pro–CatS seems a weaker biomarker of human AAA, with optimal sensitivity and specificity at 0.60 and 0.60, active CatS and total CatS are much stronger AAA biomarkers with optimal sensitivities and specificities at 0.1 higher than those of pro–CatS (Figure 1). The gene discussed is PIMREG; the disease is triple-A syndrome.