TNF and infection: Strikingly, when anti-TNF treatment was administered late (beginning at 12 weeks post-infection), it had no significant effect on disease progression in either WT (median survival 225 days without vs. 232 days with Enbrel) or NFATp−/− (median survival 130.5 days without vs. 132 days with Enbrel) mice (Figure 7C) indicating that TNF's role in host defense is most important early in infection.