Pioglitazone has diverse effects: it inhibits oxidative stress such as by reducing serum nitrotyrosine levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [103]; it increases adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome [104]; and it improves endothelial dysfunction in cerebral vessels in patients with T2DM [105]. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and type 2 diabetes mellitus.