In this study, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assay the expression of Sox2 and Oct4 in 44 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mainly including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma patients and 21 benign pulmonary tumor patients. This evidence concerns the gene POU5F1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.