Iribarren et al. reported a positive correlation between serum leptin levels and coronary artery calcium scores in healthy women.30 Reilly et al. concluded from their study that plasma leptin levels may represent a marker for adiposity, insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction, leading eventually to atherosclerosis.31 However, the Quebec Heart study as well as a study carried out by van den Beld did not find any correlation between leptin levels and cardiovascular events.32 This evidence concerns the gene LEP and atherosclerosis.