ESRD patients manifested a reduced risk of localized/regional cancer (OR 0.34), but not risk of distant/metastatic (OR 0.89) or unstaged cancer (OR 0.84) (Table 3) Among controls, men with ESRD were less likely than men without ESRD to have a claim for a PSA test in the one-year period prior to selection (24.1% vs. 35.5%, OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.78). Here, KLK3 is linked to cancer.