In addition, ZASP/Cypher is known to bind protein kinase C (PKC) [66], and as a DCM-causing mutation in the PKC-binding domain of ZASP/Cypher increased the binding [67], it has been suggested that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of Z-disc elements might be involved in the stretch response. This evidence concerns the gene LDB3 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.