BAL levels of PAI-1 and PAI-2 were elevated in patients with IPF vs control patients, accompanied by no difference in urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels, suggesting an imbalance shifted towards anti-fibrinolytic (or procoagulant) activity in the lungs of patients with IPF [309]. The gene discussed is PLAU; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.