HNF4A and colonic neoplasm: Different mechanisms of action of mangostins have been reported including upregulationof the ERK 1⁄2 in DLD-1 colon cancer cells [8], inhibition of TCF/β-catenin transcriptional activity in coloncancer cells [11], and inhibition of theMAPK/ERK, MAPK/JNK and Akt signalling pathways in human chondrosarcoma cells[45].