In other disease models, extensive work has focused on the role of multifunctional T cells, both CD4+ and CD8+, and protection from disease or lessening of disease severity in a variety of infections: HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, leishmaniasis, influenza, and vaccinia [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [42], [43], [44]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and influenza.