VEGFA and diabetic retinopathy: However, the results of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of modulators of angiogenesis, primarily by blocking the VEGF pathway, in the treatment of cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease suggest that more precisely targeted therapies or therapies directed at multiple angiogenic pathways are needed to improve the treatment of angiogenesis-associated diseases [44].