In addition, some CAMs have been shown to shuttle between FA and nucleus to regulate gene expression, including CDK5, ERK, GSK3B and COPS5 (JAB1) and members of the LIM family of proteins (PXN and Trip6), many of which have been implicated in the molecular pathology of neurodegenerative diseases [96]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK1 and neurodegenerative disease.