We therefore decided to investigate unstimulated BAL and serum samples in pulmonary sarcoidosis, pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy controls by measuring a cytokine panel which best represented the spectrum of immune process involved in both diseases including the Th1 (INFγ, TNFα) vs Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) balance, T-cell stimulation (IL-2, IL-12), macrophage activation (Il-1b), granuloma formation (IL-8), and limitation of inflammation (IL-10). Here, TNF is linked to pulmonary sarcoidosis.