After analysis of a broad spectrum of immune biomarkers (including Th1, Th2 and granuloma-associated cytokines) in both BAL and serum, we have shown for the first time that only one cytokine in one compartment, serum IL-4, is significantly different between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis and that this difference holds up under strict statistical correction for multiple comparisons. Here, IL4 is linked to tuberculosis.