DUSP9 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: However, DUSP9/MKP-4 is essential for placental development [112] and has been linked to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in both murine models and human GWAS studies [113–115], highlighting the study of DUSP9/MKP-4 modification in relevant disease models as a key area of investigation.