CCL2 and Stroke: Increased levels of MCP-1 are associated with neurological dysfunction after traumatic axonal injury in rats (Rancan et al., 2001), and are detected in the cerebrospinal fluid in diseases related to neuroinflammation such as stroke, meningitis, and multiple sclerosis (Mastroianni et al., 1998; Losy and Zaremba, 2001; Sindern et al., 2001; Chen et al., 2003; Sorensen et al., 2004).