While the full mechanism mediating MDA-7/IL-24 and TRAIL combination therapy remains to be elucidated, clearly the combination of MDA-7/IL-24 and TRAIL simultaneously target both cell proliferation and apoptosis pathways to increase GBM cell killing (Fig. 6) and may be a highly efficacious approach to treating GBM and potentially other malignant neoplasms. Here, IL24 is linked to cancer.