IL4R and leishmaniasis: To confirm the hypothesis that IL-4Rα signaling is critical for the ability of DC to induce resistance against leishmaniasis and to address the possible combinations of how to activate BMDC used in our vaccination strategy, we used BMDC generated from wt BALB/c mice and stimulated these BMDC with either rIL-4 or CpG ODN alone or a combination of both prior to loading with LmAg.