MYD88 and ischemia: Interestingly, however, the significant decreases in the levels of these MyD88−/−-dependent cytokines/chemokines occurred in spite of abnormal elevations, at baseline, of cytokines such as IL-6 in the serum of MyD88−/− mice, regardless of whether the cytokine/chemokine in question increased or decreased with ischemia (Figure 1A).