MAPKAPK2 and Parkinson disease: MAPKAP kinase-2, one of p38 MAPK more prevalent substrates has also been implicated within PD, where it has been shown that MK2-deficient mice show decreased levels of neuroinflammation and loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra after treatment with the Parkinson's inducing neurotoxin MPTP compared to MK2 wild-type mice [101].