MAPT and neurodegenerative disease: Additionally, upon inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580, it was observed in vitro that IL-1β-induced tau phosphorylation was considerably decreased in neuronal culture [88], again highlighting the importance of p38 MAPK in cytokine release and tau phosphorylation, linking chronic glial cell activation and interactions with neurons with tau pathology in neurodegenerative disease.