Another factor that differed among these trials was the baseline eligibility requirement for normal PSA and digital rectal examinations in SELECT, which resulted in few diagnoses of advanced prostate cancer (only approximately 1.1% of all prostate cancers in SELECT) [2], [47]; i.e., precisely the diagnostic category exhibiting lower incidence in the vitamin E arm of the ATBC Study [1]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.