Elevated levels of cofilin have been shown in Dictyostelium discoideum, highly invasive glioblastoma cells, and in cells derived from human breast cancer (Aizawa et al. 1996; Gunnersen et al. 2000; Wang et al. 2004; Yap et al. 2005; Yamaguchi and Condeelis 2007; Wang et al. 2007). The gene discussed is CFL1; the disease is breast carcinoma.