NOX1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Furthermore, the protein expressions of oxyblot (i.e., protein carbonyls) (Figure 3), an index of oxidation, and mRNA and protein expressions of NOX-1 and NOX-2 (Figure 4), two indices of ROS, were significantly increased in obesity in comparison with control and obese reduction, and notably increased in obese reduction in comparison with control (all p<0.01).