SERPINE1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The results showed that mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and leptin, five indices of inflammation, were significantly higher in the obesity than in control and obese reduction, and all of these parameters except for IL-1β were significantly higher in obese reduction than in the control (all p <0.001).