However, some studies have failed to show an association between CST3 and AD in a German cohort (Dodel et al., 2002), a Dutch sample with early onset AD (Roks et al., 2001), Japanese AD patients (Maruyama et al., 2001), a Finnish population (Helisalmi et al., 2009), and in early onset AD families (Parfitt et al., 1993). Here, CST3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.