VEGFA and glioma: For instance, TAMs release growth factors such as VEGF, PDGF, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and a member of the FGF family, which can promote angiogenesis in many tumors, such as gliomas, squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, and breast, bladder, and prostate carcinomas [14, 36, 45].