GLI1 and cancer: Figure 5A indicates that treatment with 25 μM CYA or a combination of CYA (10 μM) and PTX (0.5 μM) were equally effective, while treatment with PTX (0.5 μM) alone was ineffective. Expression of GLI-1 (Hh-pathway marker), OCT-4 (pluripotency/stem cell marker) and CD133 (cancer stem cell marker) was assessed using real time RT-PCR method and calculating the fold changes with respect to the Cp values obtained in DU145-TXR cells. Figure 5B show an increased expression of GLI-1, OCT-4 and CD133 (p<0.05 for all genes compared to DU 145 cells).