In HeLa cells and human malignant glioma cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, which induces MTDH overexpression), MTDH translocates into the nucleus where it interacts with the p65 subunit of NF-κB and upregulates NF-κB-induced gene expression [29], [30]. This evidence concerns the gene MTDH and malignant glioma.