TGFB1 and neoplasm: EGFR mediates cell-autonomous mitogenic and motogenic signaling cascades by activating diverse pathways, including mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK, and jun kinase (JNK), whereas TGF-β activates Smad-dependent and -independent signaling and is believed to exert paracrine effects on cells within the tumor mircroenvironment in PDAC [8]–[10].