AKT1 and Renal insufficiency: Potential mechanisms of muscle wasting in renal failure can occur through the insulin and IGF-1 receptor-mediated signaling via the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which drives anabolic, anticatabolic, and antiapoptotic processes, potentially leading to a catabolic state with body weight loss [2].