ERBB2 and ovarian carcinoma: Illustrative of our approach is ovarian cancer, which is linked to HPV via three lines of evidence: (i) the disease has significant comorbidity with HPV associated diseases; (ii) four of the ovarian cancer associated genes in the disease network are differentially expressed in E6 or E7 induced IMR90 or HFK cell populations; (iii) three of these, FN1, BRCA1, ERBB2, are differentially expressed in ovarian carcinoma tissues (GEO dataset: GDS3592; two-tailed t-test; P<0.05) [38].