Hence, although standard CSF analysis showed only very mild inflammatory changes, detailed cellular CSF assessment by multicolor flow cytometry clearly revealed that as compared to controls, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and B cells were preferentially recruited to the CSF- (and putatively CNS-) compartment in CASPR-2 antibody associated cerebellar ataxia as suggested recently [6-9]. This evidence concerns the gene CNTNAP2 and cerebellar ataxia.