In addition, the nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2 (NRF2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) have all been shown to be influenced by miRNAs in AML cells, and have been suggested to play a role in AML chemo-resistance [4]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and acute myeloid leukemia.